Soil Pollution: Origin, Monitoring and RemediationSoil - its nature and origin; the origin of soil: physical or mechanical weathering, chemical weathering, weathering by bibological agents, factors controlling soil formation, morphology of soil; soil constituents: the mineral solid phase, the orthosilicates, chain silicates or inosilicates, sheet silicates or phyllosilicates, framework silicates or tectosilicates; organic matter and soil organisms: the liquid phase - soil water composition of soil waters, the gaseous phase - soil air, origin, composition and properties; soil properties: physical properties, chemical properties; soil classification and soil types: soil classification, description of the soil orders of soil Taxonomy; soil degradation: physical degradation: erosion, compaction, soil crusting, chemical degradation, acidification, salinisation and sodification; soil pollution - na overview: macropollutants, micropollutants; major types of soil pollutants: heavy metals and their salts, other inorganic pollutants, radionuclides, weapon tests and belligerent activities, major nuclear accidents; sources of soil pollution: pollutants of agrochemical sources: inseticides, herbicides, fungicides, fuel spills in farms; soil pollutants of urban sources: power generation emissions, soil pollution through transport activities, soil pollution through chemical warfare; pollution mechanisms and soil - pollutants interaction:: physical processes and mechanisms of pollution, adsorptive retention, nonadsorptive redention, contaminants transport: microscopic dispersion: molecular diffusion, macroscopic dispersion, behaviour of Nom-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL's) in soils; pollutants' alternation, transformation, and initiation of chemical changes within the soil: processes related to chemical mobility, chemical transformation processes, biodegradation and biologically supported transformations, enzymatic transformations - a primer on enzymes, their types and mode of action: the hydrolases, the transferases, the oxidoreductases, the lyases, the ligases the isomerases, transformations assisted by bacterial action; monitoring of soil pollution; monitoring and monitoring plans: site characterisation, data acquisition, sampling - planning and realisation: sampling procedures: sampling solid soil matter, smpling soil solution, sampling soil air, field and laboratory investigations, monitoring of grou water flows; biological monitoring: planning and implementation of biological monitoring, foliage sampling and investigation of foliage; modelling of soil pollution; models and their construction: types of models; soil remediation; planning and realization of soil remediation, chemical and physical remedial techniques, biological treatment (Bioremediation), solidification/ stabilisation methods, thermal treatment. |
From inside the book
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Contents
Part I | 1 |
Chapter 1 | 2 |
12 Chemical weathering | 3 |
13 Weathering by biological agents | 5 |
15 Morphology of soil | 6 |
Chapter 2 | 10 |
211 The orthosilicates | 11 |
23 The liquid phase soil water | 31 |
81 2 Nonadsorptive retention | 129 |
82 Contaminants transport | 132 |
Molecular Diffusion | 133 |
822 Macroscopic Dispersion | 135 |
Chapter 9 | 140 |
92 Chemical transformation processes | 144 |
93 Biodegradation and biologically supported transformations | 150 |
94 Enzymatic transformations A primer on enzymes their types and mode of action | 152 |
Chapter 3 | 36 |
Chapter 4 | 45 |
42 Description of the soil orders of soil Taxonomy | 49 |
Chapter 5 | 52 |
512 Compaction | 55 |
513 Soil crusting | 56 |
522 Salinisation and sodification | 57 |
Part 2 | 58 |
1 Macropollutants | 59 |
2 Micropollutants | 60 |
Chapter 6 | 61 |
62 Other inorganic pollutants | 63 |
64 Weapon tests and belligerent activities | 67 |
65 Major nuclear accidents | 69 |
Chapter 7 | 72 |
711 Insecticides | 74 |
712 Herbicides | 80 |
713 Fungicides | 84 |
73 Soil pollution through chemical warfare | 93 |
Chapter 8 | 111 |
81 Physical processes and mechanisms of pollution | 113 |
811 Adsorptive retention | 114 |
I The Hydrolases | 154 |
III The Oxidoreductases | 162 |
V The Ligases | 167 |
Part 3 | 172 |
Chapter 10 | 173 |
102 Data acquisition | 176 |
1022 Sampling procedures | 179 |
b Sampling soil solution | 180 |
c Sampling soil air | 181 |
103 Field and laboratory investigations | 182 |
104 Monitoring of ground water flows | 186 |
Chapter 11 | 192 |
112 Foliage sampling and investigation | 195 |
Part 4 | 197 |
Chapter 12 | 198 |
121 Types of models | 199 |
Part 5 | 219 |
Chapter 13 | 220 |
2 Biological treatment Bioremediation | 232 |
3 Solidification stabilisation methods | 237 |
4 Thermal treatment | 238 |
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Common terms and phrases
according acid activities adsorbed adsorption agents aquifer atmosphere atoms bacteria base biological bioremediation brucite carbamate carbon cation exchange Cation exchange capacity characterisation chemical chlorine classified clay minerals colloidal colour complex concentration contaminants degradation depends derivatives diffusion emissions enzymes equation example factors Figure flow fluid glutathione grain ground water hâ‚‚ heavy metals herbicides humic hydraulic heads hydrogen Hydrolases hydrolysis inorganic insecticides ions Kaolinite known layer methods molecules monitoring montmorillonite NAPL's nitrogen normally occur organic matter organochlorine organophosphorus oxidation oxidising oxygen parent material particles pesticides phase physical plant potential precipitation processes produce properties proteins radioactive reactions remediation resulting samples saturated zone sheet silicates soil air soil environment soil organisms soil pollution soil water soluble solution sources Structural formula substances substrates sulphur surface techniques temperature tetrahedra tion toxic transport types vadose zone water table weathering