Polysaccharide-based nanocrystals : chemistry and applications

Polysaccharide-Based Nanocrystals; Contents; List of Contributors; Foreword; Preface; Chapter 1 Polysaccharide Nanocrystals: Current Status and Prospects in Material Science; 1.1 Introduction to Polysaccharide Nanocrystals; 1.2 Current Application of Polysaccharide Nanocrystals in Material Science; 1.3 Prospects for Polysaccharide Nanocrystal-Based Materials; List of Abbreviations; References; Chapter 2 Structure and Properties of Polysaccharide Nanocrystals; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Cellulose Nanocrystals; 2.2.1 Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals. 2.2.1.1 Acid Hydrolysis Extraction of Cellulose Nanocrystals2.2.1.2 Effects of Acid Type; 2.2.1.3 Effects of Pretreatment; 2.2.2 Structure and Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals; 2.2.2.1 Structure and Rigidity of Cellulose Nanocrystals; 2.2.2.2 Physical Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals; 2.3 Chitin Nanocrystals; 2.3.1 Preparation of Chitin Nanocrystals; 2.3.1.1 Extraction of Chitin Nanocrystals by Acid Hydrolysis; 2.3.1.2 Extraction of Chitin Nanocrystals by TEMPO Oxidation; 2.3.2 Structure and Properties of Chitin Nanocrystals; 2.3.2.1 Structure and Rigidity of Chitin Nanocrystals. 2.3.2.2 Properties of Chitin Nanocrystal Suspensions2.4 Starch Nanocrystals; 2.4.1 Preparation of Starch Nanocrystals; 2.4.1.1 Extraction of Starch Nanocrystals by Acid Hydrolysis; 2.4.1.2 Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment; 2.4.1.3 Effect of Pretreatment; 2.4.2 Structure and Properties of Starch Nanocrystals; 2.4.2.1 Structure of Starch Nanocrystals; 2.4.2.2 Properties of Starch Nanocrystal Suspensions; 2.5 Conclusion and Prospects; List of Abbreviations; References; Chapter 3 Surface Modification of Polysaccharide Nanocrystals; 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Surface Chemistry of Polysaccharide Nanocrystals3.2.1 Surface Hydroxyl Groups; 3.2.2 Surface Groups Originating from Various Extraction Methods; 3.3 Approaches and Strategies for Surface Modification; 3.3.1 Purpose and Challenge of Surface Modification; 3.3.2 Comparison of Different Approaches and Strategies of Surface Modification; 3.4 Adsorption of Surfactant; 3.4.1 Anionic Surfactant; 3.4.2 Cationic Surfactant; 3.4.3 Nonionic Surfactant; 3.5 Hydrophobic Groups Resulting from Chemical Derivatization; 3.5.1 Acetyl and Ester Groups with Acetylation and Esterification. 3.5.2 Carboxyl Groups Resulting from TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation3.5.3 Derivatization with Isocyanate Carboamination; 3.5.4 Silyl Groups Resulting from Silylation; 3.5.5 Cationic Groups Resulting from Cationization; 3.6 Polymeric Chains from Physical Absorption or Chemical Grafting; 3.6.1 Hydrophilic Polymer; 3.6.2 Polyester; 3.6.3 Polyolefin; 3.6.4 Block Copolymer; 3.6.5 Polyurethane and Waterborne Polyurethane; 3.6.6 Other Hydrophobic Polymer; 3.7 Advanced Functional Groups and Modification; 3.7.1 Fluorescent and Dye Molecules; 3.7.2 Amino Acid and DNA